If that is the case, then as Sipher notes Putin has failed and failed spectacularly. Sipher is not the only analyst to make this observation. Emma Ashford is a leading proponent of the “restraint school” of American foreign policy. Nonetheless, she also told the New York Times’ Max Fisher that Putin’s actions create “a risk of pushing Europe together, of amplifying more hawkish voices and capitals” and that “there’s the risk of pulling America back in, even as [Moscow is] trying to push America out of Europe.” Even Latynina acknowledges that “instead of trapping the United States, Mr. Putin has trapped himself.”

